Elastic-fluid turbine.



No. 822,247. PATENTED JUNEK, 1906. J. G. GALLAN & B. H. HAMILTON. ELASTIG FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILIED MAR. 12, 1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEBT l.

E() v i :f witnesses: Q N) g 1110 sn-Lors, John G Cl lan,

.U1 I ,0960* fj mudgATENTED JUNE, 1906, J. G. GALLAN & B. H. HAMILTON.

ELASTIG FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.12, 1904.

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` PATENTED JUNE 5, 1906. l. G. CALLAN & B. H. HAMILTON.

ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.12. 1904.

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IIIIIIIIHN witnesses:

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UNITED s'rArss PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN G. CALLAN AND BRACE H. HAMILTON, OFLYNN, MASSACHUSETTS,- ASSIGNORS TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF N EW YORK.

ELASTlC-FLUD TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J unel 5, 1906.

Application filed March 12. 1904. Serial No. 197,789.

Be it known that we, JOHN G. CALLAN and BRACE II. HAMILTON, citizens of the United States, residing at Lynn, county of Essex, State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Elastic-Fluid Turbines, vof which t'he following is a specification. f

The present invention relates to elasticfluid turbines, and has for its object to increase their efficiency andto simplify and reduca the Icost of construction.

In carrying-out the invention a casing is provided. which is separable into ieces o'r sections, the line or lines of division eing arranged in any desired/manner. The interior of the casing has one or more wheel-compartments, and each compartment is provided with smooth walls to assist in decreasing the rotation' losses of the bucket-wheels. The webs of the bucket-wheels are made with smooth exterior surfaces which run in close proximity to the side walls of each wheel-j compartment, and the circumferential wall of the Casin` v-is in close proximity to the covers which ose in the ends of the buckets. To state the matter in a different way, the wheel andwheel-compartment are` so constructed and arranged that the former iills the latter as completely as possible, thereby reducing the deadspace in the chamber toa minimum. When two or more separate wheels are provided in each chamber or comartment, itis advantageous, to place a ring between the wheels at a point adjacent to the periphery, so as to cut off the space between them. This also has thea'dvantage of decreasin the dead space within the chamber.

We fin 'it |desirable to employa diaphragmv for separating `the casing `into stages or com. partments, which. diaphragm contains a chamber wherein a separator may be locat-ed for separating the moisture from the steam as it passes from one stage or compartment to the other. 'Instead of a separator we may,

however, employ a reheaterand locate it in said chamber. In a broad sense a'reheater and a separatorv serve the same purpose in Iing, since this arrangement gives great'` strengthwith simplicity of construptin. In

absorb heat.

addition'to decreasing the number of parts it reduces the amount of machine-work. In the present embodiment of our invention we `find it sufficient to divide the casing into two parts with the line of division in an axial plane butthe invention'is not to be construed as so limited. V The adjacent meeting surfaces of the diaphragm are faced ofi true, and .when assembled a `cylindrical or substantially cylindrical chamber is formed be.- tween wheel-compartments. This chamber is provided with one or more partitions ortheir equivalent, which instead of permitting the steam to pass directly from one stage to the next causes it to describe a substantially circular path in so doing. It is durin the time that the'steam is liowing throlig the substantiall circular path that it either has moisture t en therefrom by a separator or is reheated.' 4This arrangement lends itself very readily to the objects mentioned, since the direction of the steam may be suddenly changed and the path vis relatively long,

-which'gives the necessary time interval for the water to leave the steam or the latter to When a separator isemployed, the length of the passage may be further increased by the use of partitions or bafflers,

which may be stationary oradjustable, .as desired.

In order to cause the steam to lleave the last stage under` va predetermined velocity and to divide equally, or substantially so, be-

tween two discharge-orifices arranged in multip1e, the walls-of the exhaustortadjacent to the last wheel are made'to iverge somewhat after the manner of an expansionvnozzle. In order that the exhaust may leave` the discharge-oriiiceswithout choking, the

walls of 'the casing adjacent to the orifices are divergent in the direction of the exhaust.

Other eatres of our invention, owing to their somewhat detailed and complex character, willbe referred to hereinafter.

In .the accompanying drawings, whichv illustrate one embodiment of our invention, Figure 1 is an axial section "of a two-stage two-wheels-per-stage elastic-Huid turbine of the' jet ty e, the said section'being. taken on line 1 1 o' Fig. 3 and looking in the direction ofthe arrows. Fig. 2 is -a partiallongitudinal section through the first stage, taken on line 2 2 of Fig. 3 and looking in thedirection Vof the arrows. Fig. 3 is a transverse section IOO taken on line 3 3, Fig. l, and looking in thc 1 vided with a detachable plate or cover 17, to

direction of the arrows.

ing-rings. Fig. 5 is a. partial inverted section thc direction of the arrows. Fig. 6 is a partial longitudinal section taken on line 6 6 of Fig.\3 and looking in the direction of the arl rows. fFig.' 7,is an enlarged detail view, partiallyV broken away, to show the support fory the intermediate buckets. Fig. 8 is a section taken on the lfine 3 3 of Fig. 7, and Figf 9-is-a-seetion taken on lin`e9` 9 of Fig. 7.

1 represents the casing of the machine, which is divided into an lupper and a lower section on a horizontal axialplane. Ex-

. tending through thc casing is a shaft 2, which is supportcdin bearings 3, carried by brackets 4, that are bol ted at their lower extremity tothe end walls of the casing. y The casing is divided into compartmentsby a diaphligm '5, which contains al chamber 6, which receives steam or other elastic fluid from the first wheel and after `causing it to pass downward and around the wheel-shaft in the direction of the arrows 7, Fig. 3, is dischar ed into the bowlsof the second-stage nozz es. The chamber 'extends circumferentially, and in order to prevent steam from Athe first stage from being discharged directly against the second-stage nozzlesa hood or partition 8- is provided, which engages the right-hand vertical 'wall of the diaphragm and also the-cylindrical wall 9. The wall adjacent to the buckets discharging steam from the first-stage nozzles is out away to form an exhaust-port 10, which is covered by the hood 8. The size and arrangement of the exhaust-port 10 are best shown in Fig. 3, wherein the broken and dotted line 11 indicates vthe, inner surface of the exhaust-port and the dotted line 12 the outer. The angular space occupied by the exhaust-port is substantially the-same as that of the hood 8. In Fig. 5 the lower right-hand opening is the one through which the exhaust from the first-stage wheel and the hood 8 passes. In the same figure the upper left-hand opening is the one through which the steam passes to the second-stage nozzle after passing through the separator .or reheater. The ,upper portions of the chamber 6 are separated from each other by the partition 13. (Best shown in Fig. 3,) This partition unites with a cylindrical wall 14, that surrounds the shaft and supports a acking. Attached'to and forming a part o this cylindrical wall are one or more bafflers 15, which act as separators for separating the moisture from the steam and at the samel time increase the length of its path. In the present illustration three of these bafHers are shown. side of the diaphragm-chamber 6 is provided Awith a neck 16, in which these vbafllers are located. The lower end of the neck is pro-- l Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail \'1cw-show1ug one oly the packa l other and separating the Inoisture.

The under` which is attached one or more bal'llers IS, that extend between the balllers 15 and as- I sist in separating moisture from the steam taken on the line 5 5 oi Fig. 3 and looking 1n by causing it to change direction of flow.

In vaddition to the above we may provide means for further opposing the passage, of the steam frl in one side of the chamber to the means is found in the V-shaped pieces 19, which are situateddirectly underneath the bafflers 15 and are adjustable toward aud away from them. The closer the pieccslaie to the ends of the bafllers the greater will'bc the' opposition offered to the'passag'of steam, and the sudden changing of the'direction -ol' [low will cause the water particles to be separated l'ro'm the steam. These pieces are' supported by perforatedplates 20, which are carried by projections on. the bafflers 18' and by projections 21 .on the cover. Suitable 'means are provided for draining vthe chambers formed between the bafilers 18.Vr

)n the exhaust side of the machine an 'annular exhaust-passage 23 is provided, a part of Such a i which is formed in'therupper section of the casing and a part in the lower. lFormed in the wall adjacent to the buckets discharging steam or other motive Huid of the second stage is an exhaust-port 24, which is provided with walls that diverge in the direction of flow of the motive fluid, so as to impart additional velocity thereto, which is useful in that it prevents the choking of the passage and causes the exhaust to divide equally, or substantially so, between the .two parts lof the annular passage 23. Theoretically as the steam exhausts from the last wheel it should flow parallel to the wheel-axis; but in practice we have found that this is not always the case. Hence the arrangement of the walls of the exhaust-port. As the steam is discharged'into the annular exhaust-passage 23 it flows downward and out throughthe discharge-orifices 25 and 26, Figs. 3 and 6. It is to be noted that the'walls of the exhaustpassage 23 as they approach the dischargeorifices 'gradually diverge in the direction of flow of the steam, thereby imparting to it a certain amount of velocity, which tends to prevent the passages of the machine from choking and also assisting in causing the exhaust to flow in substantially equal amounts through said orifices.

We will now refer to the construction and arrangement of the wheels. Mounted on the shaft 2 is a cylindrical support or sleeve 30, which may be made in one or more pieces, as desired. This'supportengages a collar 31 at one end and a nut 32 at the other and is wheels or disks are secured in pl ace by axially- IOO extending bolts 35, which'pass throu h'them and the flanges on the support. ear the periphery of the disks a ringi 36, made'in.seg`

ments or otherwise, is provi ed, which is seated 1n grooves formed lnthe adjacent surfaces of the disks.' Bolts"37Y are egliployed tois to decrease the rotation losses to a mini-- mum. This is accomplished chieflyby giving to all of the parts smooth or ohshed surfaces and causin the wheel to ll the cham-A ber as nearly as possible.4 The superficial areaof the interior of a wheel-compartment is approximately ythe same-'as vthe superficial area ofthe wheel therein. Hence there is little idle s ace between them wherein eddyv currents o any 'material consequence can set up. In other words, there is just suflicient clearance between the surfaces'of the wheel and the casing and the buckets to reduce rotation losses to a minimum. It is large enough, however, to revent a waterbraking eHect being esta lished between relatively movable surfaces by reason f the presence of moisture on the said surfaces. i In this connection it is to be noted that the heads and nuts on the bolts are countersunk,

so as tobe below the exterior surfaces of the wheel. The heads of the inner bolts 35 may be countersunk or not, as desired. Being near theaxisofrotation, theireffect on th rotation losses can be disregarded.`

1 In Fig. 2, 38 represents thesectionalized nozzle for discharging Asteam against thel bucketsof the first-stage wheel. These noz. zles may-be of the expanding t e or not and are attached tothe outer wallypof the casing by bolts or other suitable means.- Situated in line o r substantially in line with the first-f stage nozzle is a second-stage nozzle 39, Fig. 1. comprising a plurality of closely-associated liuid-discharging passages, which may or may not expand the motive fluid and which discharge 1t at the proper angle against the wheel-buckets ofthe second stage. Each ofthe nozzle-passages is provided With a bowl, a throat, and a discharge-orifice of suitable size and shape.- The second-stage nozzle is securedfto the inside Wall of the diaphragm by bolts 'or other attaching .means and can 'be inspected `or removed by taking o the segmental cover 40, which forms a part or'. the chamber 6. We have found it desirable to mount the first and second stage nozzles in line orsubstantially in line with each other and at Aalpoint above the shaft,l

since by so doing we areable to. obtain a passage for the steam between stages of sufficientA length to enable the moisture to be removed,

during its passage.l Between eachv rowf oi `bucket-Wheels are mounted intermediatebuckets, which extend over a greater orrless are, depending upon the arc covered bythe nozzles'. l They cover a greater arc in the second .stage than in. theiirst, owing to the increased volume of steam.

Referring to Figs.y 7 8, and 9, the construction and arrangement of the intermediate buckets and their support will be described. 41 'represents the-segmental support, which is cored out at 42 to reduce its weight. It is provided with a flange 43, by means of which 1t can be attached tothe Wheel-casing. The

inner surfaceof the support is linished on an arc struck from this surface is turned a longitudinally-extendin groove 44,` which receives the outer ends o? the intermediate buckets 45, the latter being formed integral with a base-piece. In other words, the endsof the buckets form a tongue Whichenters the groove in the support and prevent the ,buckets as a whole om moving in an axial direction. Each the axis of the wheel.V In.

bucket may have a tenon or some of the y tenons can be omitted. f With a groove extending longitudinally of the ,support it isl evident that there Will be a small ortion of the groove that will remain unlille between the ends ofthe buckets. Such a space would tend tocreateobjectionable -eddycurrents as the steam'ows through them. In order to obviate this, objection. We place a thin lining-strip 'of sheet metal 46 between the buckets and, the support. -This strip presents a smooth surface to the steam and is provided with openings which correspond in shape and size to the projections on the ends of the buckets and cover the small spaces 47,

which would otherwise exist between the buckets and prevent eddy-currents.

' In F1 gs. 7 and 8 it is clearly shown how the n tongues or projections 48 on the buckets pass throu h openings in the lining-str 'p 46.

In ig. 9 is shown one of the bucket spaces ory passages 49,l and it is to be noted that the uplper and lower walls are perfectlysmooth. T e buckets themselves are given any suitable shape. The lining-strip is shown at the outer ends of the buckets; but it can be laced at the inner ends where desirable..` t can also be used on rotary as well as stationary buckets.

In order to prevent the steam from leaking from one wheel-compartment to another and to the atmosphere, it is necessary to provide packing-rings, and it is-particularly important to provide rings which do not require attention. Such a construction is shown," in Figs. 1 3, and 4. 50 represents a cylindrical casing which surrounds the shaft and is provided -witlra projection which is seated in a IOO fiat-sided groove formed in the cylindrical wall 14 of the diaphragm and is in this manner prevented from moving in an axial direction. ceive one or more partitions'51, and between the partitions and the stationary end wall of the casing'and the detachable plate 52 are carbon packing-rings 53, lwhich are made u Ain segments and are held together by coi springs 54, which surround them and Vare located in peripheral grooves. Outside of the 4carbon packing is a holder 55, which is l.- shaped in cross-section and is mounted on the packing on the side away from the wall with which the packing engages. Situated on one side of the holder and extending between it and the adjacent stationary wall or partition is a spring 56, which tends at all times to-move the packing in an axial direction.. Extending ycircumferentially lof lthe holder and engaging it and the surrounding casing is a spring 57, which tends at all times `v-to force the carbon packing inward toward the axis of the shaft.

The packings located in the heads of the casing which prevent the escape of steam to the atmosphere each comprises a cylindrical flanged casing 58, containing one or more carbon packing-rings of the type previously described. They are retained in place by a plate 59, the latter being bolted to the casing by the same bolts which secure the latter to the head of the machine.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes we have described the principle of operation of our invention, together with the apparatus which we now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but

we desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative and that the -invention can be carried out by other means.

What we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is

l. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a casing and wheel-buckets, the latter being arranged in rows, in combination with a diaphragm which divides the casing into compartments or stages for the rows of buckets,

` and a chamber formed Within the diaphragm through which the motive fluid flows in passing from one stage to another for decreasing the amount of moisture contained therein.

2. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a casing which is divided into wheel-compartments, in combination with a means for reducing the amount of moisture in the motive fluid which causes the fluid exhausting from one compartment to'follow a circular or substantially circular path around the shaft of the turbine in passing to thev adjacent compartment. .i

l 3. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a divided casing, wheel-buckets in the compartments, 'and nozzles for discharging motive ,Huid against the buckets, which are sublhe casing is grooved internally to re seams? stantially in alinement with each other, in combination with means for causin the motive fluid exhausting from oney w eel-compartment to flow in a circular or substantially circular path before entering an adjacent compartment.

4. Air elastic-fluid turbine comprising a casing which is divided into compartments, and wheel-buckets in each compartment, in combination with a chamber which :surrounds the wheel-shaft, and a hood which receives motive fiuid 'from one wheelv and directs' its passage into the chamber.

5. An elastic-fluid turbine of the axial-How type comprising acasing, wheel-buckets in the casing, and a nozzle or device for discharging motive fluid against the buckets, in combination Witha assage for the exhaust which is arranged in ine with the nozzle and extends crcumferentially around the casing apd terminates in orifices arranged in multif e. l

p 6. An elastic-fluid turbine-comprising a casing, wheel-buckets in the casing, and a nozzle or device for discharging motive fluid.

against the buckets, in combination with an dexhaust-passage, located on the same side of the axis of the turbine with the nozzle and discharge-.orifices for the passage which are located at the point diametricallyvopposite from the passage and open in opposite directions.,

7. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a casing, wheel-buckets in the casing, and a nozzle or devicefor discharging motive fluid against the buckets, in combination with an exhaust-passage' having discharge-orifices, `and means for imparting additional velocity to the exhaust from lthe buckets tocause it to divide in substantially equal amounts between the said orifices. 8. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a casing, wheel-buckets, and a nozzle or device for discharging motivefluid against the buckets, in combination with an exhaustpassage having discharge-orifices, and means adjacent to each orice for imparting velocity to the escapin fluid. .v

l9.. An elastlcuid turbine comprising a casing which is divided into compartments, and wheel-buckets in the compartments, in combination with a chamber which surrounds the shaft, receiving and discharge orifices for the chamber so arranged that the motive fluid follows a substantially circular path around the shaft in flowing from one to the other, and means acting on said fluid while passing-through the chamber for decreasingv ing from one wheel-compartment tp the next, and one or more devices for mcreasmg the llength of said passages.

through 4which the motive fluid passes in.

ilowing7 from one compartment to another, and anidj'ustable means for. removing moisturefrom the motive -fluid and varymg the resistanee o posed to its passage.

12.' ne astic-fluid turbinecomprising a casing divided 'into compartments, and nozzles or devices for discharging motive Huid against' the buckets in'the'diflerent compartments, which are rsituated at one side ofthe axis. of the Wheel, in combination with a chamber between compartments which receives the exhaust motive fluid from one wheel, directs it to the opposite side of the axis 'of the wheel and discharges it into a nozzle of lower pressure at a point on the other side ofl the axis ofthe wheel.

13. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a vcasing,gwheel-buckets, and 'nozzles' or de-v vices for discharging motive fluid lagainst the wheelbucketska chamberedv diaphragm which divides the casing into compartments,` Vand a partition in the chamber, which separates it-into parts, one of said 'parts'.aeting as'.`

areceiving and the other as a discharging de-V vice.

, 14. A casing .for an elastic-fluid turbine, which is separable into sections, in combina- 'tion with a wall for dividing the casing-into compartments', which is also made in sections Vand formed integral with the casing-sections and a chamber formed wholly Within the for separating the casing into wheel-,com- 'partments, which diaphragm is formed integral with the sections'o'the casing, the'lines of. division 4coinciding or substantially coinciding lwith those of the casing, and oriiices in thechamber which receive and discharge the motive fluid;

Y1,6. An elastic-fluid turbine lcomprising sets ofrelatively movable-buckets,compartments for the sets of wheel-buckets, and nozzles'having a constant `ratio of expansion, in

combination with a means for decreasing the moisture entrained with the motive fluid, a'

conduit for conveying the exhaust from oneset of wheel-buckets to the `said means, and a surfaces to t losses second conduit 'for conveying the steam after itleaves the said meansto the nozzle of a' lower-pressure sta e. I '17.fAn'e1asticuid turbine com r1s1ng a casing, a diaphragm which divides t e casmg into compartments, and a separator located within the casing and between compartments for separating the water of Acondensatlon from the steam.

18. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a casing-and a diaphragm which divides the casing into compartments, in combinatlon with la separator comprising one or more plates or partitions 4which cause the steam to follow an irregular pathl in flowing from one compartment to another forV separating thev moisture from the steam.

19.An elastic-luidturbine comprising a casing, and wheel-buckets,` in combination with a chambered diaphragm for dividmg the casing into compartments, and nozzles for dischargin lluid against the wheelbu'ck` ets, which areocated within the chamber.

20. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a casing, and wheel-buckets, in combination with a chambered diaphragm for divldi'ng the casing into compartments, nozzles which 'are attached to one wall' of the chambered diaphragm, and?` a cover lfor the diaphragmwhich when removed exposes the nozzles.

21. An elastic-{luid'turbine comprislng a casing, and a diaphragm' for dividing the casing into com artm'ents which present smooth lie buckets, in combination with bucket-Wheels for the compartments, which present smooth'unbroken surfaces tothe diaroo phragm and are located in close roximity thereto, the said diaphragm and w eels acting to reduce the fan-like action ofthe buck.- ets to prevent eddy-currents.

22. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a casing having smooth wa1ls,'wheels mounted therein which are spacedapart and ontheir peripheral an'd side surfaces run in close prox.- imity to the Walls of thecasing for substan tially their entire circumferenceto reduce rotation losses, and intermediate buckets which are located between 'the wheel-buckets.

23. Inan elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a shaft, a sup -ort sleeved thereon which is provided with anges, bucket-carrying disks which are secured to opposite sides of the flanges, and bolts adjacent the wheel 'peripheriesfor securing each air ofwheels together and whoseends are isposed below the surfaces-of the disks to Adecrease rotation 24. In an elastic-fluid turbine,v *the combinationof a shaft, a. sup ort sleeved thereon which is provided with anges, bucket-carrying disks which are secured to o posite sides' uof the flanges, means adj acent't le wheel peripheries for' securing each pair of`wheels to gether," and ringssituated between each pair of -disks in corresponding annular grooves therein and which act as se arators and also to revent themotive fluidp from contacting wit the'central part of the wheel.

25. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a shaft, flanged sleeves mountedv thereon which abut and act as spacers, wheel-disks mounted on opposite sides of the mges, and means for securing the disks in p ace.

26. Inan elastic-flud'turbine, the combination of a shaft having a collar thereon; iianged sleeves mounted thereon which abut and form spacers, a nut for pressing the sleeves against each other and the collar, `and bucket-carrying disks whichare; bolted to opposite sides of the flanges.v

27. In an elasticfluid turbine, the combination of one ,or more bucketsja support therefor, and a lining-strip situated between the buckets and ,the support and forming a wall of each of the bucket spaces or. passages.

28. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a vplurality of buckets, a base-piece which is formed integral with the buckets, a support, and a lining-strip between the ends of t e buckets and the support.'

29. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a plurality of buckets', a base-piece which is formed integral with the buckets, a

support, a` lining-strip between the ends of the buckets and the support, and attaching means which extend through the base-piece into the support. 1

30. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a pluralityof buckets, a lining-strip through which one or more of the bucket ends extend, and a support to which the buckets are attached, and which is provided with a groove to receive the bucket ends proj ecting through said strip.

81. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combi.- nation of a plurality of buckets, some ori all of which'are provided with endprojection's, a lining-strip through which the projections extend, a support, and means for attaching the buckets and lining-strip to the support.

32. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a plurality of bilckets, a base-piece to which the buckets are attached, a support, a smooth lining-strip located between the buckets and the support, and retaining devices which hold' the base-piece and liningstrip in place.

33. In an elastic-Huid turbine, the combination of a casing-wall, a shaft, and a packing carried by the wall, which surrounds the shaft and comprises a sleeve, artitionslocated within the sleeve which orm grooves or compartments around the shaft, carbon packing-rings situated within the grooves and adjacent to the partitions and shaft, and spring-pressed holders for the rings also situated 1n the grooves.

34. In an elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a casing-wall,l a shaft, .and a acking carried by thewall, which surroun sthe shaft andfcomprisesa sleeve, `partitions-io'- catedwithin the sleeve, carbon packing-rings situated within the sleeve and adjacent to thev partitions and shaft, a holder for each packing, and a spring for holding each pack-.

lng 1n place.

35. An elastic-Huid turbine comprising a casing, and bucket-wheels therein, in combination with a separator located within the casing through which the entire 'volume of motive fluid passes for decreasing the amount of moisture carried from onewheel to another by the motive iiuid, and a support for the means, which is-'detachably secured to the casing.

36. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a` casing, and bucket-wheels therein, in combination with oneor more partitions perma- 4and a packing between the wall of the diaphragm and the shaft, said packing compris- 'ing a sleeve, partitions therein which divide it into grooves, packing-rings in the grooves,. andsprings for urging the rings against the shaft and the partitions.

38. Inan elastic-fluid turbine, the combination of a casing, a .wheel-carrying .shaft therein, a'cylindrical lwall surrounding the shaft which is providedwith a groove, -a packing between the wall and the shaft, said-packing comprising a sleeve arranged in the groove of the wall to prevent axial movement thereof, packing-rings in the sleeve, and springs' which urge the rings against the shaft.

39. In anelastic-fluid turbine,the combination of a casing, a Wheel-carrying shaft therein, a cylindrical Wall surrounding the shaft which is provided with a groove, 'a packing comprising a sleeve arranged in the groove of the wall to prevent axial movement thereof, partitions which divide the sleeve into grooves, a packing-rin in v each groove, a holder for' the ring, an means between theI holder an'd the wall of the groove for urging the rings against the shaft and adjacent partitions of the sleeve.

40. In an elastic-Huid turbine, the combination of a casing, a wheel-'carrying shaft therein, a wall surroundin .the shaft, a sleeve around the shaft which is ivisible on an axial plane, means on thej said wall for prevent-ing roo axial movement of the sleeve, partitions in' 'the sleeve, packing-rings between the partitions, and means for urging the rings against the shaft and the partitions.

41. In an elastic-fluid turbine, Vthe combi-- nation of a casing comprising a wheel-compartment, a bucket-wheel mounted therein comprising bucket-carrying disks whose outer surfaces 'conform'in shape to the walls of the compartment and are disposed in close proximity to the latter to reduce rotation losses lbut separated sufliciently therefrom to prevent a braking effect due to the presence of moisture, and a means for securing the disks adjacent to their peripheries whose outer ends are disposed below the surfaces of the disks to permit the said surfaces to'be disposedin close proximity to the walls of the compartment and contributing to reduce rotation losses.

42.An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a compound bucket-wheel, and an inclosing casing therefor whose walls are located in close proximity to the buckets to reduce rotation losses, and means carried by the wheel and forming a part thereof which contributes to reduce rotation losses.

43. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a compound bucket-wheel formed of bucketcarrying disks and a peripheral ring between the disks, and a casing for the wheel whose walls are arranged in close proximity to the buckets to contribute with the said ring to reduce rotation losses.

44. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising a casing having smooth interior walls, wheelbuckets mounted within the casing and arranged in rows, the said buckets running in close proximity to the walls of the casing to reduce their fan-like action, a support for the buckets which with the latter substantially fills the casing to reduce eddy-currents of the motive fluid, and a nozzle or device for discharging motive Huid against a portion of the wheel-buckets.

45. An elastic-Huid turbine comprising a casing and bucket-wheels, in combination.

. with a diaphragm the walls of which are located in close proximity to the buckets to reduce rotation losses, and a chamber within `the diaphragm through which the motive` fluid passes in flowing from one row of'wheelbuckets to another' for decreasing the amount of moisture contained therein.

46. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising stage-compartments, a bucket-wheel for each stage compartment, and iiuid discharging devices, in combination with a chamber located betwucn stage-compartments which receives the exhaust from one stage, prevents it from reacting onthe wheel that discharged it, `and delivers it into another stage.

47. An elastic-fluid turbine comprising stage-compartments, a bucket-wheel for each stage-compartment,' andV fluid-discharging devices, in combination with an internal annular chamber which receives fluid from a given wheel, and after permitting the same tol circulate without interfering with said wheel supplies itito the discharging devices of the adjacent stage of lower pressure.

48, An elastic-Huid turbine comprising stage-compartments, a bucket-wheel for each stagecompartment, and fiuiddischarging devices, in combination with an annular chamber which receives fluid from a given wheel, and supplies it to one or incre discharging devices of a lower-pressure stage, and a throat or orifice for the chamber which conforms in shape to the entering colulnn of motive fluid.

49. An elastic-Huid turbinel comprising stage-compartments, a bucket-wheel for each stage-compartment, devices, in combination with a chamber iocated within the lcasing of the machine and between the stage-compartments which receives fluid from one wheel and delivers it to another, and walls for the chamber which ex- JOHN G. CALLAN. BRACE Il. HAMILTON.

Witnesses:

DUGALD Moix. McKiLor, WILLIAM Ur. FIsHER.

and fluid-discharging 

